I. Migration in many cases was influenced by changes in demographics in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living
Explain the environmental advantages and disadvantages of major migration, communication, and exchange networks
Explain how environmental factors influenced human migrations and settlements
Explain how human migrations affected the environment
Explain how people used technology to overcome geographic barriers to migration over time
Advancements such as steamships and railroads made migrations much easier through the rugged terrain and various bodies of water of the region that impeded progress before. Devices like dams and medical establishments were also improved on to make the capacity of cities larger, allowing more people into the area than previously possible.
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Assess the causes and effects of the spread of epidemic diseases over time
Assess the demographic causes and effects of the spread of new foods and agricultural techniques
Assess the degree to which the functions of cities within states or empires have changed over time
Analyze the economic role of cities as centers of production and commerce
Analyze how technology shaped the processes of industrialization and globalization
Advancements in transportation technology on the sea and on land resulted in globalization, as goods could be transported from the relatively isolated Middle East further than ever before. Technology introduced from Europe led to the industrialization of the region, which consequently led to further advancements.
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Evaluate how and to what extent networks of exchange have expanded, contracted, or changed over time
Due to the advancements in technology and production of goods, maritime trade was a much more popular method of trade in the region through the Mediterranean Sea and the African rivers. For trade on land, railroads started to be introduced in the late 19th century, but until then, caravans were a popular choice of transport.
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Analyze the extent to which migrations changed social structures in both the sending and receiving societies
Societies that sent migrants would lose possible working people, which could result in higher class individuals doing working class tasks. On the reverse side, migrants to other places would have with little until they were able to establish themselves, leading to many migrants becoming lower class.
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II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons
Explain the environmental advantages and disadvantages of major migration, communication, and exchange networks
Explain how human migrations affected the environment
Migrations were both advantageous and disadvantageous to the environment. On one hand, increasing populations in certain areas led to more waste, polluting the land; on the other, new crops and techniques that migrants brought with them could replenish the lands and help fix the surrounding environments.
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Explain and compare forms of labor organization, including families and labor specialization within and across different societies
Explain and compare the causes and effects of different forms of coerced labor systems
Assess how the development of specialized labor systems interacted with the development of social hierarchies
The physical labor that was to be done by the migrants to these Middle Eastern and north African societies was seen as undesirable, and this work would be associated with the bottom classes. Inversely, more technical and wealth-producing work would be associated with the higher classes as it would lead to a higher standard of living.
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Analyze the extent to which migrations changed social structures in both the sending and receiving societies
Migrants to other societies would generally be left with little until they were able to establish themselves, leading to many migrants becoming lower class. Sending societies would also lose possible workforce, which would lead to a possibility of closing the gap between the higher classes and the working class.
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III. The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the 19th century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and the existing populations
Explain the environmental advantages and disadvantages of major migration. communication, and exchange networks
Explain how environmental factors influenced human migrations and settlements
Explain the relationship between expanding exchange networks and the emergence of various forms of trans regional culture, including music, literature, and visual art
Analyze the development of continuities and changes in gender hierarchies, including patriarchy
Analyze the extent to which migrations changed social structures in both sending and receiving societies
Societies that sent migrants would lose possible working people, which could result in higher class individuals doing working class tasks. On the reverse side, migrants to other places would have with little until they were able to establish themselves, leading to many migrants becoming lower class.
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